I have only been in Qatar for a month so know sqat all about qatari business and am from the uk so know sqat about business in states, sorry. The only think I have got is the difficulty in a non qatari business operating here in that they must be a joint venture with qatari holding 51% -i think.

maybe you can find the differences in:

Employment law
Employeyers liability, is it compulsory in qatar as it is in states.
Comparison in employment of non locals - what effect does this have on costs.
How does a lesser infastructure effect the days to day running of a business in qatar compared to great infastructure in states?
Are they more barriers due to language problems - maybe relates to non local hires.
Restrictions in customs - this must make a difference on how business trade?

Hopefully some bright spark in the forum will be able to help - as I said I am an idiot! Good luck.