if you want to read something scholarly about Islamic history is "The Venture of Islam" by Hogdson. As a Muslim, of course I understand the events to be all part of the Divine plan, so I will naturally disagree with Hodgson's metaphysical interpretation of the history. However, he gives a fair account and analysis of the events themselves, and takes Muslim sources seriously, and is very detailed.
For Muslim sources on history, you need to look at classical scholars like al-Tabari, ibn Ishaq, etc. Most (but not all) modern Muslim sources are unfortunately lacking scholarly rigor and integrity, as they are primarily defensive and / or propagandistic.