First, there was Allah, and nothing else. Then He created dust - the most basic matter - from nothing. More can be said about what this "dust" refers to, but it is not necessary for our purposes. Water and dust make clay. And blood is a complex substance made from clay. So creation has stages, and the Qur'an mentions various stages in various contexts as it is appropriate. Ultimately, of course, it is all created by God out of nothing, because, as we said, before creation there was God and nothing else.
At any rate, the concept mutiple levels of composition is not a difficult thing to understand. Like, the house is made of bricks, the bricks are made of clay, and the clay is made of atoms. So, the house is made bricks, clay, and atoms. Like you said, ALL OF THE ABOVE.

You forgot to mention the key element, the Ruh, which is blown into the human being. And like before: ALL OF THE ABOVE.

Regarding Adam and Eve and their children. No problem. I already told you that there was God and nothing. He created the natural laws that make incest genetically harmful, and the social laws prohibiting incest, which help us avoid its harms. He is free to apply, bend, or break those rules as He wills. He is not bound by nature because He is the Creator of Nature. In fact, Nature is nothing but the pattern of His continual creative action. So Adam and Eve are special cases - obviously.

Yes, He revealed the verse about fighting the Unbelievers. No, He did not enjoin fighting per se, but fighting the Unbelievers until they pay the tax. Indeed, every nation fights those who do not believe in the nation until they pay a tax. That is what all nations do. The people he revealed that to fought the Unbelievers until they paid the tax - which was very small, while the Believers paid their own tax (zakat) anyway, and that is how they established the first Islamic state. Now I pay taxes to two countries, and if I refused they would also fight and imprison me. But no complaint because taxes finance the law and order and public works. So, that is called civilization. You have to fight for it.

So yes, God did reveal that, and He is indeed Loving, Just, and many other things.