On getting the license:  2 years ago the traffic department changed the rules and Americans can no longer simply exchange their license, they must take a test.  Apparently a Qatari diplomat in the US had to take a test to get a license, so now Americans here must as well.

On automatic versus manual: Women can get an automatic only license, but I don't know about men.  I suspect men must take the test on a manual, but I could be wrong.

Finally:  Check with your employer to see if they have a connection that will make it easier for you... some employers can get around the rules.