First, you must have a valid Qatar residency permit.

To apply for a health card you will need to supply the following documents with your application:

Residency permit (RP)
Copy of each applicant's passport
Qatar ID (issued when you get your RP)
Two photographs (4x3 cm, blue background)
QR100 fee
Copy of water and electricity bill to confirm your address
Children need valid birth certificates and vaccination cards